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Hello world!

1
Wyoming Crypto Bank petition headlines a rapidly intensifying legal confrontation that could reshape how crypto banks access the U.S. financial system. Wyoming-chartered Custodia Bank has formally petitioned the full Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals to review the Federal Reserve’s denial of its master account, escalating a five-year fight with sweeping implications for federal power, state banking authority, and digital asset innovation. Wyoming Crypto Bank petition filings submitted on December 15 request an en banc review, asking all active judges on the Tenth Circuit to reconsider an October panel ruling that upheld the Fed’s decision. Custodia argues the panel misread federal law and endorsed a system that grants regional Federal Reserve Banks unchecked discretion over legally eligible state-chartered institutions. Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Challenges Fed’s Master Account Authority At the heart of the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition is the Federal Reserve’s refusal to grant Custodia access to a master account—an essential gateway to core payment rails such as wire transfers and automated clearinghouse (ACH) services. Without it, Custodia says its Wyoming-issued charter is effectively rendered meaningless. Custodia contends the ruling conflicts directly with the Monetary Control Act (MCA), which states that Federal Reserve services shall be available to nonmember depository institutions. The bank argues the Fed has transformed that mandate into what it calls an unconstitutional veto over state banking decisions. When the Fed denies a master account to a state-chartered financial institution, it effectively vetoes a bank charter that State regulators have approved, Custodia wrote in its petition. State Banking Authority Under Threat The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition also raises serious federalism concerns. Wyoming chartered Custodia in 2020 as a Special Purpose Depository Institution (SPDI), a regulatory framework specifically designed to attract digital asset firms while minimizing systemic risk through 100% reserve backing and a prohibition on lending. Custodia argues the Fed’s rejection undermines Wyoming’s carefully constructed regulatory regime and erodes states’ constitutional authority to charter banks. The petition warns that allowing the Fed such power could discourage innovation-driven state banking models nationwide. Constitutional Red Flags in the Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Beyond federalism, the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition pushes into constitutional territory. Custodia’s legal team argues that if regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents possess unreviewable discretion over master accounts, they effectively function as “Officers of the United States” without proper constitutional appointment. Federal Reserve Bank presidents are selected by private bank directors and approved by the Board of Governors. Custodia says that structure violates the Appointments Clause if those officials wield significant executive authority. Judicial Split Deepens Over Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition The petition highlights a growing divide within the Tenth Circuit itself. Judge Timothy Tymkovich’s dissent in Custodia’s case aligns with Judge Robert Bacharach’s earlier opinion in Fourth Corner Credit Union v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, creating a 2-2 split among circuit judges. Tymkovich warned that the Fed’s interpretation grants “unreviewable discretion” that contradicts the plain language of the MCA and raises “thorny questions” under Article II of the Constitution. Fed’s Own Records Undermine Denial Rationale The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition also points to contradictions within the Federal Reserve’s own process. The Kansas City Fed denied Custodia’s application in January 2023 after a 27-month review, citing risks tied to “crypto-asset activities.” Yet internal documents show Fed staff initially found Custodia’s capital levels “adequate” and praised its leadership as “impressive.” Custodia says the decision only shifted after intervention by the Board of Governors. Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller later acknowledged publicly that the Fed has sufficient supervisory tools to manage risk without blanket denials. In an October interview, Waller said the Fed can “tailor” master account structures to fit a bank’s specific risk profile. Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Lands Amid Crypto Debanking Reckoning The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition arrives as regulators face mounting scrutiny over crypto debanking. In December, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency revealed that all nine of the largest U.S. banks imposed “inappropriate” restrictions on lawful businesses, including digital asset firms, between 2020 and 2023. Institutions such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citibank, and Wells Fargo maintained internal policies that escalated or restricted entire sectors, reinforcing claims of systemic exclusion. If the full Tenth Circuit agrees to hear the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition, the outcome could redefine the balance of power between state banking regulators and the Federal Reserve—setting a precedent that reaches far beyond Custodia and Wyoming. For the crypto industry, the case may determine whether compliance-focused digital asset banks can ever gain equal footing within the U.S. financial system.Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Sparks High-Stakes Legal Showdown as Fed Power Faces Fierce Constitutional Test

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Hello world!

1
Wyoming Crypto Bank petition headlines a rapidly intensifying legal confrontation that could reshape how crypto banks access the U.S. financial system. Wyoming-chartered Custodia Bank has formally petitioned the full Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals to review the Federal Reserve’s denial of its master account, escalating a five-year fight with sweeping implications for federal power, state banking authority, and digital asset innovation. Wyoming Crypto Bank petition filings submitted on December 15 request an en banc review, asking all active judges on the Tenth Circuit to reconsider an October panel ruling that upheld the Fed’s decision. Custodia argues the panel misread federal law and endorsed a system that grants regional Federal Reserve Banks unchecked discretion over legally eligible state-chartered institutions. Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Challenges Fed’s Master Account Authority At the heart of the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition is the Federal Reserve’s refusal to grant Custodia access to a master account—an essential gateway to core payment rails such as wire transfers and automated clearinghouse (ACH) services. Without it, Custodia says its Wyoming-issued charter is effectively rendered meaningless. Custodia contends the ruling conflicts directly with the Monetary Control Act (MCA), which states that Federal Reserve services shall be available to nonmember depository institutions. The bank argues the Fed has transformed that mandate into what it calls an unconstitutional veto over state banking decisions. When the Fed denies a master account to a state-chartered financial institution, it effectively vetoes a bank charter that State regulators have approved, Custodia wrote in its petition. State Banking Authority Under Threat The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition also raises serious federalism concerns. Wyoming chartered Custodia in 2020 as a Special Purpose Depository Institution (SPDI), a regulatory framework specifically designed to attract digital asset firms while minimizing systemic risk through 100% reserve backing and a prohibition on lending. Custodia argues the Fed’s rejection undermines Wyoming’s carefully constructed regulatory regime and erodes states’ constitutional authority to charter banks. The petition warns that allowing the Fed such power could discourage innovation-driven state banking models nationwide. Constitutional Red Flags in the Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Beyond federalism, the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition pushes into constitutional territory. Custodia’s legal team argues that if regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents possess unreviewable discretion over master accounts, they effectively function as “Officers of the United States” without proper constitutional appointment. Federal Reserve Bank presidents are selected by private bank directors and approved by the Board of Governors. Custodia says that structure violates the Appointments Clause if those officials wield significant executive authority. Judicial Split Deepens Over Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition The petition highlights a growing divide within the Tenth Circuit itself. Judge Timothy Tymkovich’s dissent in Custodia’s case aligns with Judge Robert Bacharach’s earlier opinion in Fourth Corner Credit Union v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, creating a 2-2 split among circuit judges. Tymkovich warned that the Fed’s interpretation grants “unreviewable discretion” that contradicts the plain language of the MCA and raises “thorny questions” under Article II of the Constitution. Fed’s Own Records Undermine Denial Rationale The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition also points to contradictions within the Federal Reserve’s own process. The Kansas City Fed denied Custodia’s application in January 2023 after a 27-month review, citing risks tied to “crypto-asset activities.” Yet internal documents show Fed staff initially found Custodia’s capital levels “adequate” and praised its leadership as “impressive.” Custodia says the decision only shifted after intervention by the Board of Governors. Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller later acknowledged publicly that the Fed has sufficient supervisory tools to manage risk without blanket denials. In an October interview, Waller said the Fed can “tailor” master account structures to fit a bank’s specific risk profile. Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Lands Amid Crypto Debanking Reckoning The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition arrives as regulators face mounting scrutiny over crypto debanking. In December, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency revealed that all nine of the largest U.S. banks imposed “inappropriate” restrictions on lawful businesses, including digital asset firms, between 2020 and 2023. Institutions such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citibank, and Wells Fargo maintained internal policies that escalated or restricted entire sectors, reinforcing claims of systemic exclusion. If the full Tenth Circuit agrees to hear the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition, the outcome could redefine the balance of power between state banking regulators and the Federal Reserve—setting a precedent that reaches far beyond Custodia and Wyoming. For the crypto industry, the case may determine whether compliance-focused digital asset banks can ever gain equal footing within the U.S. financial system.Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Sparks High-Stakes Legal Showdown as Fed Power Faces Fierce Constitutional Test

Wyoming-chartered Custodia Bank challenges Federal Reserve’s master account veto power

12/16/2025
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South Korea ends six-year ban, reopens doors to crypto startups

The policy shift opens access to subsidies and tax breaks for digital asset firms.

by Victor Ohagwasi
3 months ago
in Crypto News
Reading Time: 3 mins read
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South Korean government tax reliefs are set to transform the nation’s crypto landscape

South Korean government tax reliefs are set to transform the nation’s crypto landscape

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South Korea has officially moved to end crypto ventures restrictions that have sidelined digital asset firms from the nation’s startup ecosystem since 2018. The Ministry of SMEs and Startups announced on Tuesday that it had passed a partial revision to the Enforcement Decree of the Special Act on Fostering Venture Businesses.

Starting September 16, cryptocurrency businesses will be able to apply for venture certification under the same terms as traditional startups, making them eligible for government-backed benefits including tax incentives, funding programs, and financial support.

“This regulatory reform is designed to align Korea with global trends in digital assets and to secure future growth engines,” — Han Seong-sook, Minister of SMEs and Startups, said in a statement.

Why South Korea is revisiting crypto ventures restrictions

The shift reflects South Korea’s changing stance on digital finance. For years, authorities justified crypto ventures restrictions as necessary to limit speculative risks, but policymakers now see digital assets as a potential driver of innovation and competitiveness.

Momentum accelerated after pro-crypto President Lee Jae-myung took office in June. His administration has prioritized financial reforms supporting blockchain and stablecoins, arguing that restrictive rules were hampering the growth of industries tied to smart contracts, cybersecurity, and blockchain infrastructure.

According to government data, South Korea’s crypto market is expected to grow into a $1.3 billion sector by 2026. Officials believe lifting crypto ventures restrictions will help position the country as a leading hub for digital asset innovation, while attracting foreign capital.

“We will concentrate policy efforts on fostering a transparent and responsible ecosystem that allows venture capital to flow smoothly and supports the growth of new industries,” — Han Seong-sook added.

Benefits for digital startups

The removal of crypto ventures restrictions grants blockchain and crypto firms access to the same privileges enjoyed by traditional startups. These include reduced corporate taxes, subsidies for research and development, and preferential access to public financing schemes.

Industry observers say this could boost domestic employment, accelerate the development of digital finance tools, and encourage institutional investors to enter the space.

“Recognizing crypto firms as venture companies levels the playing field and will likely spur growth across the blockchain economy,” — Kim Hye-jin, a fintech researcher at Seoul’s Future Finance Institute, told Yonhap News.

Balancing growth with investor protection

Despite easing crypto ventures restrictions, regulators have emphasized that investor security remains central to policy design. Over the past months, South Korea’s Financial Services Commission (FSC) has introduced measures to curb speculative activity.

Earlier this month, the FSC banned leveraged crypto lending products and capped interest rates at 20% to reduce risks associated with excessive borrowing. In late August, it ordered exchanges to temporarily suspend crypto lending services until new compliance rules are fully implemented.

“These steps show the government is committed to fostering innovation without sacrificing consumer protection,” — Park Min-soo, professor of financial law at Korea University, explained.

Outlook for the Korean crypto sector

The end of crypto ventures restrictions marks a significant milestone for South Korea’s digital economy. With venture status unlocked, crypto startups may find it easier to scale, attract investors, and contribute to the country’s broader technological agenda.

However, regulators face the challenge of balancing rapid growth with oversight. As South Korea repositions itself as a global crypto hub, the success of this policy will depend on how effectively it enforces safeguards while enabling innovation.

Industry analysts say the timing is also crucial. Global capital flows into digital assets are accelerating, and jurisdictions that create favorable conditions for startups are more likely to capture a share of this investment.

“Korea’s decision could tilt the balance in Asia, making Seoul a preferred base for crypto innovation compared to rivals like Singapore and Hong Kong,” — Park Min-kyu, Partner at Seoul-based VC firm Hashed, told Yonhap News.

Still, the market will be watching closely to see whether investor protection frameworks can keep pace with startup expansion. Failures or scandals involving newly certified ventures could risk undermining the credibility of the reform.

For crypto investors, the removal of crypto ventures restrictions may open new opportunities, but it also comes with heightened scrutiny of how responsibly these firms operate once inside the venture ecosystem.

Tags: Asia marketblockchainCrypto adoptionCrypto exchangescrypto venturesCryptocurrencydigital assetseconomic growthFinancial Technologygovernment policyinnovationinvestmentmarket entryregulatory easingrestrictions liftedsix-year bansouth koreastartups
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Victor Ohagwasi

Victor Ohagwasi

Helping Busy Founders, Startups & Creatives Tell Their Stories — Visually, Verbally & Virtually | Growth Hacker | Content Strategist | Ghostwriter | Digital Marketer | Helping Brands Rank Higher & Speak Louder

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Hello world!

1
Wyoming Crypto Bank petition headlines a rapidly intensifying legal confrontation that could reshape how crypto banks access the U.S. financial system. Wyoming-chartered Custodia Bank has formally petitioned the full Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals to review the Federal Reserve’s denial of its master account, escalating a five-year fight with sweeping implications for federal power, state banking authority, and digital asset innovation. Wyoming Crypto Bank petition filings submitted on December 15 request an en banc review, asking all active judges on the Tenth Circuit to reconsider an October panel ruling that upheld the Fed’s decision. Custodia argues the panel misread federal law and endorsed a system that grants regional Federal Reserve Banks unchecked discretion over legally eligible state-chartered institutions. Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Challenges Fed’s Master Account Authority At the heart of the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition is the Federal Reserve’s refusal to grant Custodia access to a master account—an essential gateway to core payment rails such as wire transfers and automated clearinghouse (ACH) services. Without it, Custodia says its Wyoming-issued charter is effectively rendered meaningless. Custodia contends the ruling conflicts directly with the Monetary Control Act (MCA), which states that Federal Reserve services shall be available to nonmember depository institutions. The bank argues the Fed has transformed that mandate into what it calls an unconstitutional veto over state banking decisions. When the Fed denies a master account to a state-chartered financial institution, it effectively vetoes a bank charter that State regulators have approved, Custodia wrote in its petition. State Banking Authority Under Threat The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition also raises serious federalism concerns. Wyoming chartered Custodia in 2020 as a Special Purpose Depository Institution (SPDI), a regulatory framework specifically designed to attract digital asset firms while minimizing systemic risk through 100% reserve backing and a prohibition on lending. Custodia argues the Fed’s rejection undermines Wyoming’s carefully constructed regulatory regime and erodes states’ constitutional authority to charter banks. The petition warns that allowing the Fed such power could discourage innovation-driven state banking models nationwide. Constitutional Red Flags in the Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Beyond federalism, the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition pushes into constitutional territory. Custodia’s legal team argues that if regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents possess unreviewable discretion over master accounts, they effectively function as “Officers of the United States” without proper constitutional appointment. Federal Reserve Bank presidents are selected by private bank directors and approved by the Board of Governors. Custodia says that structure violates the Appointments Clause if those officials wield significant executive authority. Judicial Split Deepens Over Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition The petition highlights a growing divide within the Tenth Circuit itself. Judge Timothy Tymkovich’s dissent in Custodia’s case aligns with Judge Robert Bacharach’s earlier opinion in Fourth Corner Credit Union v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, creating a 2-2 split among circuit judges. Tymkovich warned that the Fed’s interpretation grants “unreviewable discretion” that contradicts the plain language of the MCA and raises “thorny questions” under Article II of the Constitution. Fed’s Own Records Undermine Denial Rationale The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition also points to contradictions within the Federal Reserve’s own process. The Kansas City Fed denied Custodia’s application in January 2023 after a 27-month review, citing risks tied to “crypto-asset activities.” Yet internal documents show Fed staff initially found Custodia’s capital levels “adequate” and praised its leadership as “impressive.” Custodia says the decision only shifted after intervention by the Board of Governors. Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller later acknowledged publicly that the Fed has sufficient supervisory tools to manage risk without blanket denials. In an October interview, Waller said the Fed can “tailor” master account structures to fit a bank’s specific risk profile. Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Lands Amid Crypto Debanking Reckoning The Wyoming Crypto Bank petition arrives as regulators face mounting scrutiny over crypto debanking. In December, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency revealed that all nine of the largest U.S. banks imposed “inappropriate” restrictions on lawful businesses, including digital asset firms, between 2020 and 2023. Institutions such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citibank, and Wells Fargo maintained internal policies that escalated or restricted entire sectors, reinforcing claims of systemic exclusion. If the full Tenth Circuit agrees to hear the Wyoming Crypto Bank petition, the outcome could redefine the balance of power between state banking regulators and the Federal Reserve—setting a precedent that reaches far beyond Custodia and Wyoming. For the crypto industry, the case may determine whether compliance-focused digital asset banks can ever gain equal footing within the U.S. financial system.Wyoming Crypto Bank Petition Sparks High-Stakes Legal Showdown as Fed Power Faces Fierce Constitutional Test

Wyoming-chartered Custodia Bank challenges Federal Reserve’s master account veto power

12/16/2025
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